Tasks

Opt-in to the experimental feature

In order to use the tasks API you need to enable experimental feature flag.

export default defineNitroConfig({
  experimental: {
    tasks: true
  }
})

Define tasks

Tasks can be defined in tasks/[name].ts files.

Nested directories are supported. The task name will be joined with :. (Example: tasks/db/migrate.tstask name will be db:migrate)

Example:

export default defineTask({
  meta: {
    name: "db:migrate",
    description: "Run database migrations",
  },
  run({ payload, context }) {
    console.log("Running DB migration task...");
    return { result: "Success" };
  },
});

Scheduled tasks

You can define scheduled tasks using Nitro configuration to automatically run after each period of time.

export default defineNitroConfig({
  scheduledTasks: {
    // Run `cms:update` task every minute
    '* * * * *': ['cms:update']
  }
})

Platform support

• dev, node-server, bun and deno-server presets are supported with croner engine.
• cloudflare_module preset have native integration with Cron Triggers. Make sure to configure wrangler to use exactly same patterns you define in scheduledTasks to be matched.
• More presets (with native primitives support) are planned to be supported!

Programmatically run tasks

To manually run tasks, you can use runTask(name, { payload? }) utility.

Example:

// api/migrate.ts
export default eventHandler(async (event) => {
  // IMPORTANT: Authenticate user and validate payload!
  const payload = { ...getQuery(event) };
  const { result } = await runTask("db:migrate", { payload });

  return { result };
});

Run tasks with dev server

Nitro's built-in dev server exposes tasks to be easily executed without programmatic usage.

Using API routes

/_nitro/tasks

This endpoint returns a list of available task names and their meta.

// [GET] /_nitro/tasks
{
  "tasks": {
    "db:migrate": {
      "description": "Run database migrations"
    },
     "cms:update": {
      "description": "Update CMS content"
    }
  },
  "scheduledTasks": [
    {
      "cron": "* * * * *",
      "tasks": [
        "cms:update"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

/_nitro/tasks/:name

This endpoint executes a task. You can provide a payload using both query parameters and body JSON payload. The payload sent in the JSON body payload must be under the "payload" property.

export default defineTask({
  meta: {
    name: "echo:payload",
    description: "Returns the provided payload",
  },
  run({ payload, context }) {
    console.log("Running echo task...");
    return { result: payload };
  },
});

Using CLI

List tasks

nitro task list

Run a task

nitro task run db:migrate --payload "{}"

Notes

Concurrency

Each task can have one running instance. Calling a task of same name multiple times in parallel, results in calling it once and all callers will get the same return value.